School Start Time And Its Impact On Adolescents - 959 Words

Later School Start Time and its Impact on Adolescents It is no secret that, similar to other animals, sleep is one of the most important things for a human being’s overall health. According to Watson and Breedlove, there are four main biological/neurological functions of sleep: energy conservation—the body uses less energy when it is asleep through what is called slow-wave sleep (SWS) by doing things such as reducing body temperature and slowing respiration; niche adaptation—the environmental happenings to which organisms are adapted to; body restoration—it restores materials used during awake hours; and memory consolidation—SWS and REM sleep help the brain consolidate memories from the previous day (2012). Sleep and Adolescents Based on the importance of sleep and on the vast amount of information available on the subject, it is surprising that many schools all over the United States still have an extremely early start time. Throughout adolescence, sleep is considered to be even more important as the amount of sleep needed does not drop significantly from childhood, however, the changes related to puberty show a delayed evening onset of melatonin causing a change in the circadian rhythm—a person’s â€Å"biological† clock—preference to evenings (Owens, Belon Moss, 2010). Because of this change, adolescents tend to present difficulties falling asleep prior 11pm and waking up prior to 8am could be causing issues from mood and attention problems, to even something less discussedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Adolescents And The Relationship That School Start Times997 Words   |  4 PagesFairfax County School Start Time: Analysis of the Policy To this point, the emphasis of the paper has been the social issue of sleep deprivation in adolescents and the relationship that school start times have with the issue. The focus now shifts to the evaluation on school start times and the associated policies in Fairfax County schools. Demographics of Fairfax County and its Schools Fairfax County is one of the largest counties in Northern Virginia with a population of 1,111,620 in 2013 (FairfaxRead MoreWhy School Should Start Later1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthen I fall asleep and the next time I wake up I realized I missed the bus! Does this happen to you? Because of early school starts I have to wake up super early which makes me super tired. School starts way too early! Should students have to wake up at unreasonably early times just to get to school on time? No, they shouldn t and school should start later because it causes many risks and problems in students lives. There are many reasons that school should start later, but the main reason is becauseRead MoreSocial Media Activity And Texting Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesweekday morning, over 15 million adolescents will wake up to attend school in the United States, at an average starting time of 8:00 a.m, which is often considerably earlier than their starting time during primary education (Wheaton 2012) . Although social media activity and texting are often blamed for causing sleeplessness in adolescents, these distractions are actually not to blame for students inability to get an appropriate amount of sleep or bad grades in school. In fact, the cause of studentsRead MoreSchool Start Times And High Quality Sleep999 Words   |  4 Pagesacross the country is school start times. Deciding the start times for schools is dependent on many factors including bus schedules (Edwards, 2012), biological development (Borlase, Gander, Gibson, 2013; Perkinson-Gloor, Lemola, Grob, 2013), and parental preference (Edwards, 2012; Perkinson-Gloor et al., 2013). School start times are considered one aspect that can affect sleep duration, since they affect wake time. Adequate, high quality sleep is extremely important for adolescents and inadequate sleepRead MoreSchool Start Time and Sleep1189 Words   |  5 Pagesget that much sleep. With schools starting as early as 7:00 a.m (School Start Time and Sleep), most teenagers are only getting 7 hours of sleep (Sleep in Adolescents (13-18 Years)). In fact, a recent poll conducted by the National Sleep Foundation found that 60% of children under the age of 18 complained of being tired during the day, according to their parents, and 15% said they fell asleep at school during the year (School Start Time and Sleep). When entering school, many teenagers look likeRead MoreThe Body Of Knowledge Regarding Adolescent Sleep Deprivation861 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of adolescents in the United States face issues of reduced performance, physiological effects, psychological problems, and safety issues every school day as a result of sleep deprivation. The body of knowledge regarding adolescent sleep deprivation is growing and the surprising results are beginning to result in new thinking and policies regarding school start times. Fairfax County in Northern Virginia and its policies regarding school start times is the focus of this paper. Adolescent SleepRead MoreGrade Z For Adolescents And Adolescents Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesGrade Z for Adolescents It is usually the teenage years that introduce the idea of juggling and managing time. Given that there is only 24 hours in a day, we are only really introduced to the idea of cramming as many activities and task in a day when our age turns to double-digits. At a certain age, students are suddenly hit with the long list of things they want or should do all at once. This consists of school, family time, social life, extra circular activities, a job, homework, and much moreRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships1564 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood and adolescence development such as separation from both parents if they are divorced, delayed puberty because of malnutrition, adaptation to new environment and peer pressure . Positive impacts of peers and peer groups could be moral development, close friendships, and stability. Negative impacts of peers and peer groups could range from rejection, to bullying, and to no sense of belonging. During the Middle Childhood stage, children tend to look for a sense of belonging. As changes occurRead MoreRunning Head:Sleep Deprivation1329 Words   |  6 Pages ​ 1 Sleep Deprivation Adolescent Development St. Joeseph’s College Professor McCambley 05/08/2017 Stephanie Lino  Sleep Deprivation ​Sleep deprivation can effect development in a multitude of ways; it could be mental, emotional, or even physical. In some ways sleep deprivation is a very dangerous issue that can cause adolescents to have decreased cognitive functions and an increase in negative thoughts and feelingsRead MoreMedia Effects On Children And Adolescents1521 Words   |  7 Pagesalso share our personal information on the media. Media gives us a lot of convenient in our life, but there are also some negative impacts. Media has a lot of negative impacts which it could be affected on children and adolescents. The article â€Å"Media and Risky Behaviors† by Escobar-Chaves is discussed about the media effects that cause the risky behavior of the adolescents. In the article there are five types of teenager health risk behaviors identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Annotated Bib Gender Roles Free Essays

Gender Roles in the Workplace: Annotated Bibliography Karissa Roveda Oakland University Rochester, MI Adler, M. A. (1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Annotated Bib Gender Roles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Male-Female power differences at work: A comparison of supervisor and policymakers. Sociological Inquiry, 64(1), 37-55. This article spoke of the positions of power between men and women, and how policymakers and supervisors distribute that power to men and women. In the work place, when considering for advancement, employers have undefined criteria such as personality characteristics and potential managerial qualities. These standards become the cause of inequality in authority and power at work place. Jobs that are available for women have low wages and also less authority. Similar research studies have shown similar points, in that inequality is found at the workplace because of such gender based characteristics. Even though women were shown to be more educated, they do not follow the same status. The researcher in this study used methodology to find these inequalities at the work place. The study consisted of four data points to test and used 531 women and 619 men for this data. The author collected data for power in wage labor, employment, sample characteristics and occupation by education. The results showed that men achieve higher positions and also showed they have a higher chance at a supervisory level and more authority than women. In the workplace, gender is a major part of determining positions of power. Also, it shows that education is more important to get supervisor positions, which is less effective for women. This study demonstrates the inequality between men and women that makes men more prone to positions of power than women. The data and research clearly showed that women have greatly less access to positions of power and authority at work place than men, and that gender is the key factor in determining those positions. Policymakers and supervisors may indeed make regulations promoting equality but gender bias is still obviously exhibited. Carbonell, J. L. , Castro, Y. (2008). The impact of a leader model on high dominant women’s self-selection for leadership. Sex Roles ,58,776-783. This study had women observe a leader model of either gender model a task they would have to complete. The study looked at effects of ender role model in the decision of high dominant women to be leaders, given a masculine task to complete with a male co-worker. The hypothesis states that women would become leaders at a higher rate when a woman model is given rather than a male. The research took a total of 190 students: 95 women and 95 men. Each individual was given the California Psychological Inventory, measuring: impression, communication, and dominance. This study looked at dominance in particular. Only 15 pairs were exposed to women models. The study observed 2 groups to support or reject their hypothesis. Focused groups were made of high dominant woman paired with a low dominant man with a female model, and high dominant woman paired with a low dominant man with a male model. A chi square analysis showed a correlation between leader model and leader development, â€Å"The results are that 60% of women took the leader role when given a woman model compared to 20% in male model† (Castro, 2008). The study concluded in the presence of a female model, high dominant individual would be the leader. The gender of the leader model did not affect leadership for males. I believe this study shows importance of woman leader models in professional fields. The lack of exposure of woman leaders for women reduces the chances that they will take on leadership roles. Katz, D. (1987). Sex discrimination in hiring: The influence of organizational climate and need for approval on decision making behavior. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11(1), 11-20. Previous studies have caused the idea that equally skilled men and women are assessed unequally when applying for jobs. The present study observes the influence from different organizational workplaces or â€Å"the quality of an organization’s internal environment† (Katz, 1987), and society’s need for approval on the notion of biased employees decisions. The study sought out three main hypotheses, if an unfair organizational environment would influence people to hire a male applicant over an identical female applicant. Second, that in a workplace a male applicant would be ranked as a better fit and more likely to stay with the company longer than a female applicant. And third, that those subjects with a high need of approval would match more to the demands of job on the hire and salary assessments than lower approval motivation applicants. The study included 161 male undergrads enrolled in a business class. They were given a booklet which contained experimental materials necessary in controlling organizational workplace. They were also given either a female or male completed application and asked for their judgments on an applicant’s suitability for the position. Results from the experiment showed that as initially expected, males were favored over females in the unfair environment. The results also showed that males were chosen as fitting significantly better than females, and that men were also offered higher salaries in the same conditions. In my opinion, the implications of this study can establish that the workplace can deeply influence the decisions of hiring workers and lead to gender bias. McTavish, D. , Miller, K. (2009). Gender balance in leadership? Reform and modernization in the UK further education sector. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 37(3), 350-365. The research question that this article attempted to answer was â€Å"Why are few women advancing into leadership positions despite a large number of women being employed into the further education sector? † (McTavish Miller, 2009). The further education sector employs a high proportion of women yet relatively few women progress into leadership positions. The article seeks to provide explanations for this gender imbalance and argues that despite change and modernization initiatives, the further education sector remains gendered in many aspects of leadership, governance and executive practices. The only major difference between male and female academics was that female academics were twice as given to apply for promotion if supported by their line manager, and male academics were twice as likely to apply if there was an opportunity to influence college power. Also female academics were twice as likely to apply if they were obtained feedback through their staff review. There are many conclusions that were drawn from this study. Reform and structural change have definitely led to a larger number of possibilities for women. Changes in organizational policy have led to a friendlier environment for females. Women have to adjust to masculine managerial styles, such as competitiveness. In addition, even though it appears that the reforms are creating gender balance, in reality; women are still going to their stereotypical roles such as teaching and lecturing. Meyerson, Debra E. , and Joyce K. Fletcher. â€Å"A Modest Manifesto for Shattering the Glass Ceiling. † Harvard Business Review (2000): 127-36. â€Å"Gender discrimination is now so deeply embedded in organizational life as to be virtually indiscernible. Even the women who feel its impact are often hard-pressed to know what hit them† (Meyerson Fletcher, 127). The authors believe that the glass ceiling will be shattered â€Å"only through a strategy that uses small wins-incremental changes aimed at biases so entrenched in the system that they’re not even noticed until they’re gone† (Meyerson Fletcher,128). The small wins approach to change was developed by Karl Weick. The authors emphasize that real and lasting change can be made by small changes, and that these small changes are not threatening to any stakeholders. For example, one firm discovered it could recruit women more effectively simply by increasing the length of the interview time from 30 minutes to 45 minutes, which gave female candidates just a little bit more time to â€Å"bond† with their middle-aged male interviewers. Another firm reversed its high turnover rate for female middle managers by bringing more discipline to meetings, ensuring that meetings started and ended on time. This would be a change that freed all employees from the need to be available 15 hours per day. I personally think both strategies are very effective because at least these firms are putting in the effort to make a difference through the gender roles fairness in the workplace. Roos, P. A. (1981). Sex stratification in the workplace: Male-Female differences in economic returns to occupation. Social Science Research, 10(3), 195-224. The study causes the idea that there is a large earning gap between men and women. Gender differences in earning are important because it focuses on the gender-based inequalities of power at the workplace. The author of the study used a literature review to explain the gender gap in earning, and it showed that sex segregated characteristics still remain at the occupational level. It shows that women work at low paying jobs and they are less likely to use authority in those jobs. The main reason why there are gender differences in earnings is the belief of human capital theory, and it has a huge concern with the supply side of the market. The researcher used a non-institutionalized English speaking population to explain the data for gender influenced gap in earning. The sample included 959 men and 670 women. The results showed that women are paid low wages, and are in positions of low responsibility. Even when a women reaches a higher level job, their earning is much lower than that of men. The results also show that women’s low income is mainly because of their job characteristics, in that men and women are distributed differently across jobs. Men earn more than women, mainly because women are not considered employers. The study demonstrated that the characteristics of the workers create inequality at the workplace; this is also a reason for why there is a large gap in earning between genders. Human capital theory discourages women from working and it presents women as low rent employees. They have less understanding of the mean of production. The characteristics of this research show improvement in the earnings of men and women. Yuping Zhang and Emily Hannum and Meiyan Wang. Gender-Based Employment and Income Differences in Urban China: Considering the Contributions of Marriage and Parenthood. † Social Forces 86. 4 (2008): 156-159. Web. 2 April 2010. This article is based on the income differences and job opportunities of workers in urban China between men and women and why these differences exist. These authors argue that married women and parents receive the biggest disadvantage amongst female workers in China due to their lack of capital regarding education, energy and financially. These particular women are not able to make as many social connections as men do due to their role in the household and so they are at a great disadvantage. In China’s market it is essential to have these kinds of social connections. It is a capitalistic society where everyone is out for his or herself and so people must use other people to get what they want. If these connections are not present then these urban female workers will not be able to make nearly as much progress and therefore will be much less successful. It is these expectations that cheapen the women and set them at a great disadvantage if they ever plan on having a family and household to upkeep. This lack of opportunity in the article is summarized as a disadvantage of ‘time use’ due to being a wife and having children in comparison to those who do not. However, if a woman were to decide that she didn’t want a family and wanted to primarily focus on her work this would be frowned upon in society, due to how valued the dynamic of family is in China. How to cite Annotated Bib Gender Roles, Papers

The Role of HR in Creating Sustainable Organizations-Free-Samples

Questions: 1.What course of action would you recommend to the CEO in the first hospital as a way to improve the operation of HRM at the hospital? 2.What are the key features of Building a Sustainable HR Capability. Answers: Introduction Human Resource plays a vital role in an organization. In order to achieve the organizational benefits it is important to bind the people and organizations together. It may be defined as a set of policies, procedures and practices designed in an organization to maximize its benefits and achieve its goals. It is said that it is an essential but unique part of management which brings together men and women enabling them to contribute in success of the organization (Lengnick-hall, Beck, Lengnick-hall, 2011).This report critically examines a scenario of a hospital which does not have a dedicated Human resource department and the functions of HR are performed by the CEO and finance manager of that organization. The case study also includes a similar size hospital with HR function. This report communicates the comparison between the two and establishment of the sustainable HRM in the former organization. It also describes building a sustainable HRM including its key features and strategies . Human Resource Management and its objectives Human resource management is defined as planning, organizing, staffing, controlling and directing human resources of an enterprise. These functions lead to the achievement of organizational, personal and societal goals (Guest, 2010). Primary objective of HRM is to ensure objectives of both employees and organization and this is achieved by integrating the interests of employee and management with an overall achievement of organizational objectives. According to Scullion, Collings Gunnigle (2007) ,Objectives of HRM are categorized as under - Personnel Objectives- This includes keeping employees motivated and providing them job satisfaction. Organization objectives cannot be achieved until and unless quality of work life of employees is stable. Organizational Objectives- a long run perspective can only be established after achieving organizational goals, Human resource should work for effectiveness and efficiency of this objective. Societal Objectives Organization should manage its human resources in an ethical manner which includes following the ethical and legal standards and minimization of negative impact on societal demands. Functional Objectives- For proper utilization of resources it is essential to have an appropriate level of HR function. Efficient employment of resources in various functions of organization which results to most productive and beneficial for organization. 1.Courses of action for improving HR function There are various challenges faced by the hospital due to which improvement is required in HR function. The following points shall highlight the challenges in hospital and course of action to improve the same Inconsistent application of policies and practices To overcome this issue Hospital should set up a separate department for formulating policies and a written document should be provided for effective implementation and the document should be reviewed time to time by department for improving reliability and resolving issues relating to it. High level of staff grievances In the course of job when an employee faces dissatisfaction it is called as grievances. Best way to address this issue is establishing a system in which a central location is made to place complaints and one person addresses the grievances and resolves the same in confidential manner and a schedule made to address the issues so that timely grievances are resorted. To make this system more efficient categories of complaints for easy identification of problems (Wright Mcmahan, 2011). Complaints should be addressed in simple 4 step process, which is Acknowledgement, investigation, decide and act. Reviewing is an ongoing process which should be done after every stage (Reenen Bloom, 2011). Employee Absenteeism and Turnover- It is most common problem faced in organization. This can be dealt by introducing various laws such as Family and medical Leave act or workers compensation and also by enforcing a proper attendance policy , programs designed for improving wellness of employees , different employees needs be accommodated by changing schedules time to time and also keeping employees motivated (Marler Fisher,2013). Turnover can be reduced by appointing right people who fit with the culture of organization, providing recognition and rewards to employees, bringing flexibility in work culture and encouraging appreciation and kindness. Staff Shortages Shortages of staff can be addressed by considering hiring, offering raises in pay address the reasons of reduction in turnover ratio, improvements to be brought forward in management skills, re- evaluating the manner of recruiting staff, making tie-ups with various recruitment agencies and most important is to apply workforce in different way as per their needs (Scroggins Benson, 2010). There were various other challenges such as compromises in quality leading to serious incidents which will be automatically improve after implementation of above courses of action. CEO and finance manager should implement above actions for resolving the issues without establishing a dedicated HR function organization. 2.Building a sustainable HR capability For building a sustainable HR capability it is important to understand the term sustainability which can be defined as meeting needs and demands of organization without sacrificing the future. A new concept is introduced after strategic human resource management which is known as sustainable human resource management which aims at linking the humans and sustainability (Rompa, 2011). It is very important to build a sustainable HRM for business growth and effectiveness in functions performed by employees in an organization. For creating a sustainable HRM in an organization it is required to ensure sustainability effectiveness in following areas Leadership Development- For building sustainable HRM it is required to provide unlimited capabilities of leadership to employees who have high potential. It is an effort to reach the corporate goal. Talent Management Significant contributions are done by HR in talent management (Farndale, Scullion and Sparrow,2010). Workforce Engagement It is a major challenge in the organization to enable workforce engagement because it is essential to gain customer satisfaction and business growth (Gollan,2017). Training and development It is very important to train staff for effective implementation of the department. Educating people lead to sustainable development. Ethics and governance- Ethics is very vital for business growth. For establishing a sustainable HRM it is a pre-requisite for the same. Creation and training of values - it is the most essential foundation for the company. Health and Safety HR should be responsible for health and safety of employees. For creating sustainability of employees it is very important to take care of health and safety. Strategies relating to time, culture , information and money based Various strategies are established for effective implementation and building of HRM. Time based policy includes flexible timings and part time work cultures , Culture based includes understanding issues of staff to achieve employee satisfaction, Information based relates to systems and provides internet and intranet services and lastly money based strategy includes peak time incentives and benefits for employees (Chuang Liao 2010). Conclusion This report has critically examined the two scenarios of hospital in which one is with HRM and the other is without HRM function. In HRM practice and research, sustainability is an emergent occurrence. The challenge which an organization is facing is developing business and world stability. This report has made contribution to both the courses of action to improve organization and a building a sustainable HRM. . Overall picture is also presented. Since the organization was facing difficulty in its work a new HRM system and its capabilities for creating a sustainable HRM along with various features and strategies implemented are defined. It can be therefore concluded that CEO and finance manager should segregate the function of HRM by establishing its own department as this could lead to business growth and successful implementation of corporate strategy. References Chuang, C. Liao, H. (2010). Strategic Human Resource Management in Service Context: Taking Care of Business by Taking Care of Employees and Customers, Personal Phycology, 63(1), 153-196. Farndale, E., Scullion, H. and Sparrow, P. (2010). The role of the corporate HR function in global talent management , Journal of world business ,45(2), 161-168. Gollan, P. (2017). Human Resources, Capabilities and Sustainability. London school of economics, UK. Guest, D. (2010). Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers, Human resource management journal, 21(1), 3-13. Lengnick-hall, C. Beck, T. Lengnick-hall, M. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management, Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243-255. Marler, J. Fisher, S. (2013). An evidence based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management, Human resource management review, 23(1), 18-36. Reenen, J. Bloom, N. (2011). Human Resource Management and Productivity, Handbook of labor economics, 4, 1697-1767. Rompa, I. (2011). Explorative research on Sustainable Human Resource Management. VU University,.Amsterdam. Scroggins, W. Benson, P. (2010), International human resource management: diversity issues and challenges , Personnel review , 39(4), 409-413. Scullion, H. Collings, D. Gunnigle, P. (2007), International human resources management in the 21st century : emerging themes and contemporary debates , Human resource management journal , 17(14),309-319. Wright, P. Mcmahan, G. (2011). Exploring human capital: putting human back into strategic human resource management, Human resource management journal, 21(2), 93-104.

Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism

Introduction In several parts of the world, immigrants have in most cases been perceived to be in competition with indigenous communities over one thing or the other. This has at times created a feeling of not being wanted among the communities within which they are living. However, the situation has conspicuously changed over time especially with the advent of globalization, civilization and adoption of accommodative systems of governance and in particular political democratization of societies.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Naturally, both the immigrants and the host communities have their own feelings and ideologies with regards to all these issues and in order to restore parity between these two groups, there have been attempts o f tracing, retaining and even replanting ones roots. It catches one’s attention that across all cultures, there seems to be an urge to closely guard what they define as their cultures and practices, at times going to great lengths to trace their roots of origin.1 In Smith’s book The White Teeth, for example, the idea of being assimilated into a new community does not seem to go down very well with Samad and Clara and consequently, they find it difficult to smoothly get adopted into the British culture which leads to their sense of lack of roots or a background. No matter how much they try, they are unable to firmly replant and even cement their roots in a new territory.2 In this context, they seem to be in search of an identity they can proudly associate with meaning, in a way, trying to cultivate a sense of belonging. This foundation, thus, provides us with a basic scope of why this proposal is important in interrogating the themes presented in the works of Smith and Kureishi. Arguments on the Themes There is ultimate an agreement that Smith and Kureishi’s works present debatable subjects both individually and collectively in relation to the differences in cultures or even to the lengths of sexuality and masculinity. At the same time, there exists a set of theories and arguments in relation to these subjects as presented through the available literature like Bhabha’s, The Other Question, Stereotype, Discrimination and the Discourse of Colonialism and even in Halla’s Cultural Identity and Diaspora. These debates, perhaps, assist us to accelerate discussion in post colonialism, more than any other period before, as a result of the awakening of the masses and the need to anchor oneself to a given background. Investigating the presentations in these works, therefore, becomes important in trying to question why the spirit of belongingness and identity arises in human beings Identity and Belonging The White Teeth presents the immi grants as a group of people who have come all from their respective background with hopes and expectations.3 However, to some extent, they are presented as a people who are oblivious of the challenges that face them in their new found land.Advertising Looking for proposal on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More importantly, they do not seem to have contemplated the idea of their roots and this realization hits the first generation of immigrants when the pressure to assimilate to British while preserving their cultures confronts them. At this point, many of them are in a dilemma and it becomes difficult for them to find a place in their new surroundings. All these issues can be related in several ways to many other occurrences of post colonialism. Repeatedly, the issue of physical differences arises in where the similarities and differences of individuals greatly seem to determine their association.4 Expecte dly, this raises the issue of discrimination which more often informs debate in many circles, and as Bhabha notes in The Other Question, it can be attributed to the theories of stereotypical thinking where things are looked at from the eyes of the way they have always been known to be, and what has always been in place. In other words it is a presentation of change within the context of accommodating varying differences There is an almost insatiable reference of the background of the immigrants at various points in the book. At one point there is mention of their background in one way or the other. A good example here is the point when Archibald is offered vouchers to somehow ensure that Clara doesn’t attend the next company event. This move was purely based on Clara’s background whereby, her being black allegedly made people uncomfortable in the last company event. This reference to Clara’s background further underlines why the idea of racism was, perhaps, prev alent and could still have some traces although negligibly. It is notable that Kureishi’s work, My Beautiful Launderette made significant impact in British and Asian cultures of the nighttimes and the eighties by portraying life in a black Britain.5 These works contributed in producing space for the articulation of both British matters as well as the Diaspora affairs. In fact, these works provided a platform for the British artistic and literary class to focus on multiculturalism, transnationalism, devolution and the association of blacks and Asians with the presumed indigenous British society, in post colonial times. By making such a provocation, one initiates an important debate which focuses on the affairs that could have been easily sidelined.6Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We must not depart from the fact that both the immigrants’ and the locals or hosts are bound as people of different races and backgrounds, by the procession of a set of white teeth regardless of their backgrounds as outlined in Smith’s work. This may perhaps be a basis to explain why in the postcolonial governments and politics, issues of skin colour or by extension racial discrimination, have a cut a dominant position. The point here is that there is widely no great difference and there can be, as has been for a long time, mutual coexistence. Heritage and Legacy In trying to create ground for belonging, Smith uses the themes of heritage and legacy to try and connect the characters Samad and Magid. On one hand Magid is seemingly obsessed with the urge to have his sons to fulfill grandfather’s legacy of devotion to the people of Bengali. This serves as a clear demonstration of a need to have attributes that re late to ones roots that naturally arises.7 Hall looks at this ideology from the perspective that one cannot quite definitely speak of identity or belonging, without acknowledging its other side. In this context the other side could be the urge to relate to a certain culture or community.8 The idea of curving out or retaining an identity seems to be dominantly influenced by the cultures within which this new identity is being formed. The knowledge of their background informs what they do at present and how they go on with their lives currently. This can be demonstrated by integrating Hall’s argument or theory that there are primarily two types of identity where one is that which offers a sense of unity and commonality-what he calls identity as being, and another that presents an identification process, what he refers to as identity as becoming –which he looks at as a process of identification, which tends to reveal discontinuity in our identity formation.9 These theorie s underline the one important aspect: that of wanting to belong or to be associated with a society that has a certain clearly defined way of doing particular things. In other words there is the sense of retreating to the background.Advertising Looking for proposal on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Masculinity and Sexuality This discussion is significant and relevant to any debate on post colonial literature or any other form of media since it is after this period that most nations settled and looked back at the various formations of their human cluster. It is at this period still that there arose in depth interrogation into issues like sexuality. My beautiful Laundrette depicts this at some point where sexuality is looked at as purely natural in the sense that women and men are deemed to have distinct characteristics which remain for long unchanged and are to some extent unchangeable throughout history and irrespective of cultures.10 However, there is another point of view and argument on this topic which points to the artificiality of sexual and gender identities. At this point, there arises what is seen as ‘the constructed character of sexuality’ that is argued to have been tilted to negate the claim that sexuality has a natural and a distinctive shape and move ment. In relation to this whole matter though there seems to be an underlying factor that hold the view that sexual and11 gender identities vary across cultures and there might therefore be no harm intended when one tries to trace the root on any of these subjects. In trying to create or claim belonging to certain cultures, it will be found that the issue of masculinity pops its head and in this aspect is clearly captured in these two works as well as in the theories that look into the matters of human background or belonging. The Theories and their Relationship to the Subject Bhabha uses the theory of stereotype to argue that the colonial way of looking at the whole issue of change of cultures and the urge to belong and be associated with some culture is basically looked at from the eye of trying to maintain things as they have always been. This, he argues, happens as both the colonizer and the colonized take it to be the point of defense and the desire for originality.12 This desi re though is faced with the differences in colour, race and culture and this forms what the bulk of this debate. These stereotypical foundations are supported by what he calls fetishism which basically works to cement the need or the ideas of the stereotype. Hall looks at the integration of all these backgrounds and the search of identity and belonging to what he terms as ‘hybridinization’. His argument for this theory is that across a whole range of cultural forms, there exists a form of system where the dynamics that hold all these issues together is somehow able to associate important elements of the diversities from the master codes of the dominant culture and articulate them or disseminate them to bring about a certain meaning.13 This in essence may mean that these two diversified cultures although initially had significant connection might at the point where and when they mix, share some common identities and they may as well stop being looked at as individual ent ities. This kind of merging has seen the rise of concocted languages like the Jamaican English. This is a clear indication of this proposal as a way of looking into the relationship of some cultural practices in view of their background and their contribution to literature in post colonial times. Conclusion From the above documentations and arguments, it can be said that a lot of information has so far been brought to light with regards to masculinity, sexuality, heritage, legacy, identity and even belonging. However, there are still many issues that are yet to be utterly solved—especially regarding the unsolved differences that emerged from the colonial era and the post-colonial era as well—which necessitates the need for research. It is upon this need that the prospected study is proposed herein. Bibliography CHILD, P., Post-Colonial theory and English literature. (Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press, 1999). HALL, S., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). HOMI, B. K., The other question stereotype discrimination and the discourse of Colonialism in the location of culture. (New York: Routledge, 1983). KUREISHI, H., My beautiful Laundrette. Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 1996) SAID, E., Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). SMITH, Z., White Teeth (London: Penguin Books, 2001). Footnotes 1 Edward, Said., Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). 2 Zadie, Smith., White Teeth. (London: Penguin Books, 2001). 3 Zadie, Smith., White Teeth. (London: Penguin Books, 2001). 4 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). 5 Hanif, Kureishi., My beautiful Laundrette. Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 1996). 6 Edward, Said., Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). 7 Zadie, Smith., White Teeth. (London: Pengui n Books, 2001). 8 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). 9 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). 10 Hanif, Kureishi., My beautiful Laundrette. Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 1996). 11 Peter Child., Post-Colonial theory and English literature. (Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press, 1999). 12 Bhaba, Homi K., The other question of stereotype, discrimination and the discourse of Colonialism in the location of culture. (New York: Routledge, 1983). 13 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). This proposal on Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The History of Elevators From Top to Bottom

The History of Elevators From Top to Bottom By definition, an elevator is a platform or an enclosure raised and lowered in a vertical shaft to transport people and freight. The shaft contains the operating equipment, motor, cables, and accessories. Primitive elevators were in use as early as the third century B.C.E. and were  operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. In 1743, a counter-weighted, man-powered personal elevator was built for King Louis XV, connecting his apartment in Versailles with that of his mistress, Madame de Chà ¢teauroux, whose quarters were one floor above his own. 19th Century Elevators From about the middle of the 19th century, elevators were powered, often steam-operated,  and were used for transporting materials in factories, mines, and warehouses. In 1823, two architects named Burton and Homer built an ascending room, as they called it. This crude elevator was used to lift paying tourists to a platform for a panoramic view of London. In 1835, architects Frost and Stuart built the Teagle, a belt-driven, counter-weighted and steam-driven lift was developed in England. In 1846, Sir William Armstrong introduced the hydraulic crane and by the early 1870s, hydraulic machines began to replace the steam-powered elevator. The hydraulic elevator is supported by a heavy piston, moving in a cylinder and is operated by the water (or oil) pressure produced by pumps. The Elevator Brakes of Elisha Otis In 1852, American inventor Elisha Otis moved to Yonkers, New York  to work for the bedstead firm of Maize Burns. It was the owner of the company, Josiah Maize, that inspired Otis to start designing elevators.  Maize needed a new hoisting device to lift heavy equipment to the upper floor of his factory. In 1853, Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable broke. This increased public confidence in such devices. In 1853, Otis established a company for manufacturing elevators and patented a steam elevator. For Josiah Maize, Otis invented something he called an  Improvement in Hoisting Apparatus Elevator Brake and demonstrated his new invention to the public  at the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York  in 1854. During the demonstration, Otis hoisted the elevator car to the top of the building and  then deliberately cut the elevator hoisting cables. However, instead of crashing, the elevator car was stopped because of the brakes that Otis had invented. While Otis did not actually invent the first elevator, his brakes, used in modern elevators, made skyscrapers a practical reality. In 1857, Otis and the Otis Elevator Company began manufacturing passenger elevators. A steam-powered passenger elevator was installed by the Otis Brothers in a five-story department store owned by E.W.  Haughtwhat Company of Manhattan. It was the worlds first public elevator. Elisha Otis Biography Elisha Otis was born on Aug. 3, 1811, in Halifax, Vermont, the youngest of six children. At the age of twenty, Otis moved to Troy, New York and worked as a wagon driver. In 1834, he married Susan A. Houghton and had two sons with her. Unfortunately, his wife died, leaving Otis a young widower with two small children.In 1845, Otis moved to Albany, New York after marrying his second wife, Elizabeth A. Boyd. Otis found a job as a master mechanic making bedsteads for Otis Tingley Company. It was here that Otis first began inventing. Among his first inventions were a railway safety brake, rail turners for speeding the making of rails for four-poster beds and the improved turbine wheel.Otis died of diphtheria on April 8th, 1861 in Yonkers, New York. Electric Elevators Electric elevators came into  use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880. Black inventor, Alexander Miles patented an electric elevator (U.S. pat#371,207) on Oct. 11, 1887.

Sustainability of Agriculture Essay -- Environmentalism / Economics / Ag

To define the sustainability of agriculture, we must look into the several relationships agriculture has with the basic nature of making something sustainable. In this research literature, we will look at the factual information regarding agricultural practices as they relate to the long-term stability of biodiversity, ecosystems, and Natural resources. We will also compare historical and modern perspectives of economics as they relate to resources and sustainability. The researched information will give us a better idea to propose solutions and methods for a more sustainable future-global food supply. Let us first start with the DNA of agriculture: biodiversity, ecosystems, and natural resources. Agricultural biodiversity is a subset of biodiversity as it pertains to the crop varieties. Agricultural biodiversity is an important part of modern agriculture and its sustainability because it creates a complimentary variety of plants and other organisms that increase the potential of crop survival and longevity. For example, the nodules found at the end of legumes increase the nitrogen level in the soil that may produce a higher quality crop fit for consumption. It also makes the soil last longer resulting in high-yielding crops. For example, the following information is from an article in an AridLands Newsletter at an Arizona College: â€Å"It was in this dramatic scenario that the Drylands Polyculture Project was born. It was observed that despite its apparently barren prospects, the Sertà £o is a rich and prosperous land, producing many local and adapted crops and fodder plants. The problem was not the climate-as is usually implied-but the agricultural model, based on slash-and-burn, or worswhen water is scarce and when that crop is harvested, the hydrophilic crops can be planted when the wet season returns. The benefit of a monoculture is not only the profits produced, but the amount of food that can be harvested at once and the amount of maintenance needed to care for the crop is low because the variables are few since it is only one crop using the same soil for the same amount of time during the same season every year. This is convenient and profitable, but not sustainable. Works Cited Hanzi, Marsha, â€Å"Polycultures in the Brazilian drylands: A new version of an old tradition† AridLands Newsletter, No. 48, November/December 2000 â€Å"Agricultural Ecosystems: facts and trends† brochure by the World Council for Sustainable Development and the IUCN pages 3-5, July 2008 Levetin and McMahon, â€Å"Plants and Society 5th ed† page 242, paragraphs 3-4

Saudi Aramco oil company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saudi Aramco oil company - Essay Example The current discourse hereby aims to provide a general overview of the organizational profile of Saudi Aramco, to include a brief historical background, its leadership, employees’ profile, as well as the motivational and incentives program provided by management to retain and development their current and future human resources. The origin of Saudi Aramco could be traced in the 1930s when an oil concession was reportedly signed between Standard Oil Company of California (Socal) and Saudi Arabia specifically on May 29, 1933 and which eventually was construed to be managed by the California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Casoc) on November 8 of the same year (Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2012). Other relevant milestones in Saudi Aramco’s history apparently included the acquisition of 30% of the concession by Texas Company in 1936; and in 1948 when their historical preview disclosed that additional owners were instrumental in the organization’s further growth and expansion. It was in 1988 that the organization allegedly became state-owned through a Royal Decree that was issued by King Fahd (Saudi Arabian Oil Company, 2012). As a state-owned organization, Saudi Aramco was indicated to officially disclose relevant organization information â€Å"to the Supreme Council for Petroleum and Minerals Affairs, chaired by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Saud† (Saudi Arabian Oil Company: Our leadership, 2012, par. 1). The organization acknowledges the need for leadership development programs to ensure that those who manage diverse facets and operations are professionally competent and qualified to lead. There were specifically identified ways to develop the full potentials of human resources to include access to company-wide training and development programs; being sponsors to apprenticeship and specifically identified college development programs; and endowment of academic chairs for qualified personnel to assume

History of the Gospel of Mark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of the Gospel of Mark - Essay Example Researchers assert that the gospel of Mark was anonymously written but by tradition has been attributed to John Mark, the evangelist. It is also claimed that the content is thought to be the report of Simon Peter. Researchers also agree that the book was probably written between 50 and 70 A.D. in Italy or in Rome. Further, there is an indication of a secret book of Mark which so far has not had any significant impact on the history of Mark. The main evidence about the authorship and date of the gospel of Mark comes from the writing of Eusebius of Caesarea. Wettereau (as cited in Wikipedia) proposes that Eusebius of Caesarea was the bishop of Caesarea. Eusebius is often referred to as the father of Church history because of his recording of the history of the early Christian Church. Eusebius used sources such as Papias to obtain his information. Papias was a church leader in the first half of the second century and was later canonized as a saint. Eusebius (as cited in Kirby 2007and Malick 2007) quotes Papias as reporting that, Mark having become the interpreter of Peter wrote down accurately whatsoever he remembered. It was not, however, in exact order that he related the sayings or deeds of Christ. For he neither heard the Lord nor accompanied Him. But afterwards, as I said, he accompanied Peter, who accommodated his instructions to the necessities [of his hearers], but with no intention of giving a regular narrative of the Lord’s sayings. Wherefore Mark made no mistake in thus writing some things as he remembered them. For of one thing he took especial care, not to omit anything he had heard, and not to put anything fictitious into the statements. Two other sources ascribing the authorship of the gospel of Mark to John Mark include the writing of Peter himself in the book of Acts and the motivation of the early church. Kirby 2007 posits that the speech of Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, in Acts 10:34- 40, can serve as a

The Influences of Environment Essay Example for Free

The Influences of Environment Essay It is not difficult to assess the degree to which an individual is affected by the environment in which he lives. We know that climatic and social surroundings are no less influential. We know also that a person is born with the basic characteristics which are going to shape his personality and eventually his destiny. We can safely say that the interactions of both heredity and environment produce the individual. It would be interesting to analyse the effects of environment on the personality and activities of the individual. Social surroundings have an undisputed influence on people. Traditions and customs are the results of social relations in a group of people. These are often impressed on the individual who may either adopt them or oppose them. The individual often finds himself in conflict with such traditional institutions as marriage, family, religion and other established customs. The individual who rejects traditions is condemned by society and often ostracised. Individuals often have to fight against traditions. This continued opposition reveals the influence that such traditions have. The majority are just passively shaped by these traditions that have been inculcated in them from the cradle through school to adult life. Our basic personality is formed by society. 3 The powerfulness of social environment can also be seen in the everyday language we speak. The mother tongue is so called because the child assimilates naturally the language spoken by its mother. It is a scientific concept that all humans are â€Å"programmed† with the language ability, but what we speak depends on the social environment. The new-born Eskimo, if placed in an English-speaking environment, will grow up to speak English like the English. The mother tongue is learned in conditions different from those in which a second or foreign language is learned. The accent adopted by the individual also reveals the social milieu where he has picked up the language. Only the highly educated can hide their native accents. 4 The behaviour of the individual is often the direct result of social influences on him. It has been established that people exposed to harsh economic conditions are likely to turn to crime more easily than others. Though research has shown that criminal tendencies are inborn, that is of genetic origin, there is no doubt that social conditions help to externalise these tendencies in the individual. Whenever a society goes through severe economic conditions, like a recession, the crime rate tends to increase. The mass media have also been suspected to influence the criminal bent of people, especially the weaker individual who cannot think for himself. The unchanging geographical and climatic surroundings in which people grow have considerable effects on them as members of a social group. If today there are distinct national characteristics, it is because each group has been exposed to distinct physical or natural environments. Examples are numerous. The Eskimo is short and stocky because his cold, icy environment requires him to be so to survive. The people living along t he Equator are tall and thin so as to resist the heat. The colour of our skins has been fixed by the amount of sunshine we have been exposed to for generations. The Tibetans and Bolivians have large chests because their lungs have over the millennia become enlarged by the effort to breathe in rarefied oxygen in their high mountainous environment. 6 Eating and clothing habits, work activities, amusements are also directly dictated by physical environment. Those living along the coasts are likely to become sailors or fishermen. People’s activities throughout the world are conditioned by the landscape in which they live. The native Maori was a fisherman and a hunter, and therefore a flesh-eater. The Yorkshire boy until recently grew up to be a miner. It is only modern science and technology that have succeeded to some extent in decreasing the influence of environment on people’s activities. Primitive man used only what his immediate environment provided. Trappers in the north of America, Europe and Asia wore furs provided by their natural environment. 7 It is also generally accepted that weather and climate influence our character and mood. Weather influences mood because both are changeable. We are sullen when the weather is gloomy. We are lively and cheerful when the weather is fine. Poetry and songs in all times and regions have celebrated the coming of spring with cheerfulness and liveliness on the part of people. Also, in periods of heat or cold, our moods change for the worse or better. Astrologers and geomancers are convinced that stars and planets including earth influence and mark our lives in all their aspects – from character to intelligence, from luck to health, even life and death.

art of the hula :: essays research papers

gArt of the Hulaf What is one thing that stands out in most peoples’ minds when they think of Hawaii? Most people would probably say the hula dance. The hula dance descended from, or can be traced to Polynesia and India. The Hula was a form of poetry for the Hawaiians in all of its sacred and ceremonial forms. In hula dancing, the hands are very important: they tell a story. However, more important are the chants. Chanting is an extension of speaking that started as a means of communicating to the gods. The hula can be performed with or without music, but not without the chant. Bamboo sticks, drums, and gourds, are some of the instruments that are played to support the chanting. The chants are very poetic and have many levels of meaning. They believe chanting is a very personal way of expressing feelings and thoughts on a higher level of communication. The topics of the chants may include warfare, death, sex, birth, chiefs, gods, the beauty of the island and water, or even surfing. This exotic culture was hidden from the world until 1778, when Captain James Cook and his men became the first westerners to discover the islands of Hawaii. When they arrived at Kaua’i, the islanders performed the hula dance as a way of greeting the strangers. Later in 1820, Christian missionaries from New England came to the islands, armed with the Bible and narrow-minded thoughts. They were shocked by the â€Å"heathenish† hula, and tried to abolish the dance. The missionaries eventually convinced the royalty, which had been converted to Christianity, to make the hula dance illegal. It was hard for the Hawaiians to retain their culture because the missionaries banned the Hawaiian language from the schools. However, the Hawaiians treasured their culture and dance, and did not let them die. In 1874, King David Kalakaua came to the throne. He is credited with returning the ancient hula dance to the people. European clad, he was known as the Merrie Monarch. He dined with prominent figures including the ever-corrupt President Grant. He had mastered ancient chants taught to him by his grandmother. During his reign, he brought a lot of European style to the hula dance. He integrated hymn singing and band music into traditional hula dance forms. The ukulele and steel guitar were also introduced. It was also during this period when the ti leaf skirt appeared as a hula dance costume.

Absorbant Mind Essay

Absorbent mind is defined as the first plane of development where the child has the capability to absorb large amounts of information about his/her environment through his/her senses. The absorbent mind is a universal characteristic of young children. It is unique to the first six years of life. The absorbent mind works unconsciously which motivates the child to seek out new experiences in the environment. It records these experiences in exact details like images that stay with the child for the rest of his/her life. Child’s mind simply records what it is exposed to. This is in contrast to the adult brain that stores things more like a painter, consciously choosing what details to include or omit. The adult mind only remembers what it notices or considers important. Dr. Montessori believed that much of the development & formation of a person’s intelligence is from birth to the age of six. Young children’s mind â€Å"absorb† information quickly, which enables them to develop patterns for learning and problem solving that will continue to grow throughout their life. At such a young age, this learning is without effort. Montessori saw the absorbent mind in two phases. During the first phase, from birth to three years old, the young child unknowingly or unconsciously acquires his basic abilities. She called it the period of unconscious creation or the unconscious absorbent mind. The child’s work during this period is to become independent from the adult for his basic human functions. By about three years old, he moves into the next phase of the absorbent mind, which Montessori called the period of conscious work or the conscious absorbent mind. During this period, the child’s mathematical mind compels him to perfect in himself that which is now there. His fundamental task during this phase is freedom. Examples of a child’s absorbent mind are language skills, motor skills & social skills. Best example in my opinion, would be child’s learning mother tongue. We set no lessons for our children to teach them how to talk but, by just listening & watching adult’s talk, they gradually learn to speak. By only watching us, as adults, they learn how to act to get our attention and in advanced steps even they get to know expectations of how the world will treat them. In Montessori classrooms the prepared environment allows children to learn more aspects of real life. For example, the Practical life subject, allows children to not also improve their motor skills but also to behave themselves, to take care of their environment and to treat others. Prepared environment along with the children’s absorbent mind enables them to develop patterns for learning and problem solving that will continue to grow throughout their life.

Child Labour in India

Pradeshchildhood is the golden period of man's life. at this stage children need love and care for their growth and development. however,the tragic irony of indian society life is the employment of about 10 million children in unhealthy,hazardous and dangerous trades and industries. bare footed ,lean and thin children of tender age have to work in inhuman conditions for 10 to 15 hours a day which may include dhabas,brick kilns,small factories and cottage industries. ven small children are seen selling newspapers and other articles on the road which may be a risk to their lives. the child workers are generally ill fed and treated like bonded labourers. they are often beaten at the slightest excuse and even underpaid. in south india,thousands of children work in fire crackers and match factories. many of them get killed in accidents and fires. in uttar pradesh lakhs of children are employed in the carpet industry. in this industry,children have to work in inhuman conditions. he main re ason that compels many poor parents to send their children to work is poverty. the government admits thereal solution lies in the complete elimination of child labour.though the government has enforced many measures but these measures are effective only as long as their are facilities for the parents of such children to send them to school. it is a shame that india has the distinction of employing the largest number of children in most inhospitable and inhuman surroundings. his evil practice should be stopped by enforcing the child labour act with all strictness and punishing the defaulters. efforts of the part of general public and non gvernment organisations can help to tackle this problem. we should be aware of the problems of such deprived and exploited children in our society. we hope in the future that the children are not employed in our country and instead send to school for education,so that they can be sensible citizens.

Molly Maguires essays

Molly Maguires essays The Molly Maguires also referred to, as the Mollies or the sons of Molly Maguire, is not a single person who influenced the birth of the Union, but a group of Irish immigrants who created a lot of controversy. Over all, there have been differing views on the Molly Maguires. Some would say what they did was reprehensible and vicious while, others might contend they were heroes in their time, and did only what they had to do to fight for better working conditions. Regardless of what side of the argument you favor, one thing is sure, they had enough influence to start a new era for working Unions. Since the Mollies went about getting what they thought was right and fair rather cruelly, it is obvious they felt the ends justified the means. In 1700 Ireland, many of the English landlords were brutal to their tenants, by killing them or setting fire to their homes. When they set fires, it was to run a tenant out so that they could raise the rent on the new renter. The Mollies were said to have taken their name from an elderly widow named Molly Maguire who was driven out of her home by fire. The men who came to her rescue decided to take revenge. They called themselves The Sons of Molly Maguire, and would dress up as women, then rob and kill the evil landlords. In Pennsylvania, where the most infamous Mollie acts occurred, the Irish endured much the same things as in Ireland. In the 1860s, Irish immigrants faced similar discrimination many African-Americans endure today. Jobs were not easily found, but if someone was hiring, their help wanted sign usually had Irish Need Not Apply at the bottom. The Irish coalminers were treated like slaves. Although they did receive wages for their work, everything was deducted from their wages. One could not purchase products in any other store than the town store; which was owned and operated by the mine own...

Fairtax (fairtax.org) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Fairtax (fairtax.org) - Research Paper Example gains, alternative minimum, Social Security, Medicare, and self-employment taxes with a federal retail sales tax to be levied once at the point of purchase on all new goods and services. According to proposed policy, every household of the United States is also eligible to receive a sales tax rebate each month. This rebate is equal to the product of (1) the sales tax rate of 23% and (2) the family consumption allowance divided by twelve. One of controversial aspects of the FairTax reform is the ability to be revenue-neutral, which means whether it would generate the same amount of overall federal tax revenues. Supporters of the FairTax claim the 23% rate is revenue-neutral while opponents disagree. Another common criticism of the FairTax is that it is regressive. That is, lower level income households bear a larger than equitable portion of the tax burden because most of their income is spent on essential daily need consumption items. Simultaneously, the proponents of the reform argu e that the FairTax can be progressive due to exemptions or rebates. This particular paper aims to analyze both sides of the debate and provide necessary empirical evidence based on the previous literature research regarding the controversial nature of the FairTax. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, laid out certain criteria forejudging tax structures and tax policies. Specifically, he felt that equity, explicitness, simplicity of compliance, and economy of administration should be the cornerstones of any tax system. The current federal tax system is criticized as being too complicated and unfair (Slemrod, 58). Efforts to simplify the current tax system, e.g., Tax Reform Act of 1986, are often viewed as ineffectual in creating a fairer or simpler system (Hite and Roberts, 121). For example, the President’s Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform (2005) points out that â€Å"our current tax code is a complicated mess. Instead of clarity, we have

Journalistic free speech and the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks, Essay

Journalistic free speech and the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks, whether or not there should be a limit to free speech - Essay Example The paper elaborates on the right to the ‘freedom of speech’ in journalism and consequences of such speeches on masses. The paper even focuses on the views of different reporters and scholars about the freedom of speech in journalism. The different sources of disagreement that is prominent in the society majorly reflects on various concepts for the development of overall understanding of the masses about the messages that are being represented may lead to a huge amount of distress. The freedom of speeches of the different reports can even lead to an amount of distress among the different community group. This can even lead to an amount of mental blockages as well as lead to situations of conflicts. The disclosures and details that are portrayed by the reporters even create an amount of cognitive blockages and affect the overall societal settings. The journalists who detail about the social dogmas related to the religious beliefs often portray it so bluntly that it can actual hurt the beliefs of the people. Moreover, Charlie Hebdo’s cartoons that provoked different communism and terrorist attacks were viewed by some to be hurting the sentiments of masses and other the other hand, some supported the views (U SA Today, â€Å"Paris slaughter cant silence free expression: Our view†). For instance, , â€Å"the decision by most Irish newspapers not to reproduce the more provocative Charlie Hebdo cartoons is a betrayal of free expression† (Brady, â€Å"Right to offend does not require journalists to offend†) This reflected that the overall development of the freedom of speech and the way they are being used by the different sections of the society are often leading to offensive attitude of the masses dealing in different sectors. Specifically, while elaborating on sensitive issues such as the religious beliefs, chances of controversies from various sectors of the society must be acceptable. However, Zagano ‘The

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 206

Assignment Example It can also track the non-performing segments and provide a platform from which the group can decide whether or not to clear with some departments. Using Stern Stewart’s lists of effective management with regards to maximizing on the components of EVA, it is possible to see just how appropriate capital employed serves the business. The Capital Light strategy seeks to make available larger sums of capital all in the name of taking advantage of the way in which potential investors will hold the fort in case of an expected payday. EVA can be put to task with regards to its effectiveness in picking out the non-performing segments or investments. As the instigator of EVA, Stern Stewart and Co., enjoy a significant share in the market and a healthy result for their years of service. The current levels of compensation seem excessive especially when put into perspective regarding profit and loss. The example of Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae shows just how far the rot has spread with the company now operating at a loss in the name of maintaining staff with major skills. It becomes a major burden ensuring that the objectives of the shareholders are satisfied. The compensation levels however, should come into play even before a CEO’s term ends. The payment will make a significant impact on whether or not the company continues in the set pathway. The way in which a CEO drives forward his/her agenda is mainly dependent on the manner of their economic contribution (Fortune, n.d). An imbalanced and overpaid leader will impact negatively on morale and lead to loss of profit levels. It is especially true in the event of an economic downturn. The question of giving raises and bonuses to the employees of the federal and state governments during poor economic performances desires an answer. These governments have the power within them to improve living standards for

Entry Strategy In Emerging Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Entry Strategy In Emerging Markets - Essay Example However before entering into the markets, the organizations should study the vulnerability of the market conditions and various socio economic factors which are mentioned below. Based on the analysis of the factors the organizations should decide whether it has the necessary potential for setting up a business in the country and also should devise the entry strategy accordingly. The factors which are of prime importance are discussed below Political Factors: The consequence of the political issues is of a high significance to the business. While investigating into the political factors, matters relating to the policymaking of diverse regions are all taken into consideration. These fields include the administrative, provincial, nationwide and worldwide aspects. Another vital part which is included under the political factors is the consequence which businesses have to face due to alteration in the government both in the local and countrywide level. Multinational businesses also need t o properly understand the official policy which a government offers towards other countries (Wiiliams & Green, 1997, p.162). Economic Factors: The economic factors recount the components which influence the economic position of the business. The economic issues thoroughly deal with the economic and the fiscal strategy of the government. It is quite clear that the economic recessions relating inflation also disturb the officialdoms. The power of the national economy is a major factor which organizations do ponder upon. Alteration in taxation rate and bilateral trade agreements amongst the countries are also thoroughly administered (Walters, 2006, p 208)... This report stresses that the analysis of the different market entry strategy shows that all the strategies discussed above offers a range of advantages and also does have some limitation. However in context of the analysis of the market entry strategy in the BRIC nations it has been found that the countries like China ,India , and Brazil are the emerging nations and the foreign organizations looks to invest over there because of the wide range of benefits. Brazil is one of the nations in the BRIC community and its economic stability has made it one of the desired countries for the investors. The study reveals that the strategy of joint venture has been applied by most of the foreign multinational in the country. The reason for the choice is quite obvious as joint venture allows having a close look at the market and reduces the exposure to a wide variety of risk. This paper makes a conclusion that the option of joint venture also provides additional benefit to organizations in countries like India. The help from a local organization provides guide to the foreign companies for penetrating the market and build up a strong presence in the market. The corruptions in the market also can be reduced through the strategic alliance. As a result of the strategic alliance, the local organizations are also benefited considerably and in overall it helps to increase the stability of the economy.

Climate Change And Renewable Energy Options

Climate Change And Renewable Energy Options Climate change is the consequence of any kind of adjustments in the climate system. Change in climate is caused by fluctuations in the factors that influence climatic patterns. This phenomenon has become one of the greatest environmental threats and risks that the world is facing. Persistent human activities such as driving cars, farming, deforestation, and industrialization result into production of greenhouse gases. These gases gather in the atmospheric space, and trap the heat from the sun. This is what causes climate change manifested through global warming and other processes. The effects of disruptive changes have led to catastrophic events like storms, droughts, rise in the sea levels, and floods (Kammen Casillas 2010, p. 1181). Climate change is majorly caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Most of the intervention efforts meant to mitigate the impacts of climate change thus target human activities that contribute to additional emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (Letcher ScienceDirect 2009, p. 67). Therefore, renewable energy has been considered as one of the leading solutions to climate change. Provision of carbon-neutral sources of power, heat, transport fuels and renewable energy options has been considered by environmental scientists as a great move in the right direction. The objective is to enact a transition from high to low carbon economy. Although the renewable energy sector is quickly changing, climate change crises dictate that the energy system be drastically transformed. This will help in combating the dangers that are associated with global warming that threatens to slump the global economy in the face of globalization and industrialization. Roggema (2009, p. 211) cited air pollution caused by transport and power sectors of the economy have been a great threat not only to the human health but have also shifted the climate systems. Prospective Interventions to Address Climate Change Crisis Climate change as an environmental problem is essentially a problem caused by the extreme utilization of fossil energy. Agriculture, changes in land use, cement production and use of chemicals all contribute to the emission of the greenhouse gases (Roggema 2009, p. 234). However, 70% of the global warming/climate change problems is caused by unsustainable use of fossil fuels. Therefore, in order to deal with the problems related to climate change, there has to be a shift from use of fossil fuels at home, in the industries, transport and generally the entire sectors of the economy (Roggema 2009, p. 203). In order to avert the challenges associated with climate change, saving of energy is essential. Electricity, automobiles and carbon emissions are the main causes of problems related to climate change. The regular incandescent light bulbs should thus be changed and replaced with the energy saving compact fluorescent bulbs which are more efficient and energy saving. The emissions that result from automobiles like motor vehicles, motorcycles should also be reduced (Letcher ScienceDirect 2009, p. 154). Climate change has been caused by human activities such as deforestation in search of more space for agricultural activities. Therefore carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere continues to rise. Being a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide has contributed to the rise of global temperatures. Roggema (2009, p. 183) cited that human activities that encroach to the environment should thus be limited to prevent further crises associated with global warming. Traditional methods of conservation of forest ecosystems should be embraced to preserve the ecosystem and mitigate the effects of climate change (Tracy 2010, p.353). Therefore reforestation should be encouraged so that the greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are reduced from the atmosphere. Farming activities that promote environmental hazards such as soil erosion should thus be limited and replaced with farming approaches that are environmentally custodial. Industrialization is the major contributor to climate change. This is because of the emission of the greenhouse gases like Nitrous Oxide and Carbon dioxide (Tracy 2010, p. 354). In order to avert climate change challenges there should be focus on change in the energy used in the industries from the dirty to clean energy. Climate change scientists have advocated for the use of renewable energy as the solution to the climate change problems that are caused by the use of environmentally hazardous fuels like coal and nuclear energy in the industries in the global economy (Tracy 2010, p. 355). Climate Change and the options for Renewable Energy Human activities and natural environmental processes are all responsible for climate change. Natural causes include volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, changes in the earths orbit and solar variations. An eruption of volcanoes throws out great volumes of sulphur dioxide, water vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere (Wengenmayr 2008, p. 141). The large volumes of gases and ash have the ability to influence climatic patterns by increasing the planetary reflectivity leading to atmospheric cooling. The aerosols are produced by volcanoes also affects the purity of air in the atmosphere. These contribute greatly to climate change. The oceans currents are considered a great threat to the climate stability. The currents release great amounts of heat across the planet. Besides, the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere can produce El Nino. The oceans determine the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. This implies that changes in the ocean circulation greatly affects climate and significantly contributes to the climate (Wengenmayr 2008, p. 231). Climate change has been caused by human activities. MacZulak (2010, p. 9) cited that this is majorly through the burning of fossil fuels, changes in the land use, and industrialization. With industrial revolution of the 19th century, fossil fuels have been used to support industrial processes. Fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas have been great energy supplies for the industrialized economies. However, these sources of energy have contributed to great emissions of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These are responsible for climate change (MacZulak 2010, p. 8). Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased because of human activities such as deforestation and agriculture. Methane is released through oil drilling, mining of coal, leaking gas pipelines, landfills and waste dumps (MacZulak 2010, p. 9). These greenhouse gases cause great increase in the climate change and are significantly responsible for global warming. The greatest cause of climate change and global warming however is the burning of the fossil fuels. These fuels cause emission of greenhouse gases into the earths atmosphere leading to depletion of the ozone layer and global warming (Twidell Weir 2006, p. 143). Options for Renewable Energy The term renewable energy is used in reference to the energy resources that occur naturally in the environment and can always be re-used after the initial function. Examples of this energy are the solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy. Rivers, biomass and garbage are also considered as renewable energies (Abid, Crawford Davoudi 2009, p.167). Renewable energy is the future of the earths energy needs. However, in order to effectively combat climate change-related challenges, the global mean temperatures have to be kept below two degrees Celsius. This calls for prior planning and transformation of the industrial sectors use of energy. Renewable energy has the potential decreasing the use of fossil fuels that are to blame for most of the problems associated with climate change (Abid et al 2009, p. 169). Renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, and the bio-fuels are increasingly being used as energy alternatives. With the climate change and its crises, such form of energy has the advantage of energy security since the fossil fuels will be depleted as a result of climate change. Climate change is largely a consequence of anthropogenic activities such as burning of the fossil fuels, industrial processes, deforestation and the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It is estimated that the power sector by itself contributes about 40% of the total carbon emissions (Abid et al 2009, p. 297). This can only be altered by shifting to the use of renewable energy. Climatic impacts such as tsunamis, droughts, wildfires, floods, storms, heat waves and tornados are consequences of climate change (MacZulak 2010, p. 8). However, according to the climate change specialists, clean air policy that includes use of renewable energy can substantially mitigate the negative impacts of climate change caused by fossil fuels. Renewable energy technologies are considered to be the most potential mitigation for greenhouse gases. In the steadily growing awareness on the importance of environmental protection priorities, renewable energy is considered appropriate in the mitigation of climate change effects (Chiras 2007, p. 67). Renewable energy is the alternative to the climate change crises since it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions and pollute the air as is the case with the fossil fuels. Chiras (2007, p. 17) indicated that biomass energy for example, has been used as an alternative for fossil fuels so as to conserve the environment. It is considered a greenhouse gas neutral since its combustion releases no more carbon dioxide than was absorbed during growth period of the organic material. Biomass fuel also contain little sulphur and low combustion temperatures. This limits the formation of nitrogen oxide which is a greenhouse gas dangerous to the environment (Abid et al 2009, p. 269). Responding to Climate Change The transport industry is driven mostly by petrol. This causes emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide combines with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and cause global warming. In order to deal with this menace, there is need for countries to invest in energy efficient technologies like plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and new technologies such as hydrogen cars (Abid et al 2009, p. 297). This has the potential of reducing petroleum emissions of greenhouse gases into the air. Further, there is need to shift from air and truck transports to electric rail transport that reduces emissions significantly. Industries should shift from the fossil fuels to use of bio-fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel fuels should be used in the gasoline engines in the industrial economies. Abid et al (2009, p. 169) cited that electric vehicles can contribute into reduction of dangerous gases into the atmosphere especially if the energy is produced through the renewable energy sources. In order to deal with climate change and environmental crises associated with it, elimination of waste methane is required. Methane is considered to be one of the strongest greenhouse gases that are responsible for the climate change problems. Waste methane should thus be dealt with responsibly. This is through careful handling of oil wells, landfills, coal mines and the waste treatment plants (Chiras 2007, p. 17). This will provide a net greenhouse gas emission benefits. Biomass as a source of bio-energy can be used to capture carbon. Biomass traps carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. When biomass is decomposed through combustion, carbon is released as carbon dioxide. This is the process involved in the carbon cycle. Biomass fuelled power plants result into a net-negative carbon dioxide emission. This implies that there will be less carbon in the atmosphere will be trapped through the technology and reduce greenhouse gases that are a threat to the environment (Abid et al 2009, p. 169). The adoption of renewable energy technologies is strategic in addressing the problems associated with climate change and global warming (Ehrfeld 2009, p. 113). From 1970s and 80s, development agencies have promoted small-scale renewable energy technologies. This includes the use of biogas, cooking stoves, the wind turbines and solar heaters in the industrializing countries. In the large scale developing countries have responded to climate change through the use of ethanol in the transport sector. This is especially the case in Brazil. In India, biogas is being used in households for lighting and cooking. Grid connected power in India and hydropower are being used in India and Nepal respectively as renewable sources of energy and safe energy for environmental conservation (Ehrfeld 2009, p. 119). Naturally Sustainable Renewable Energy As oil reservoirs and oil wells in the world run dry due to extensive exploitation and use in the energy sector, there is also an outcry in the environment that is caused by their consequences. Renewable energy sources include geothermal energy, solar, hydroelectric, biomass and wind energy (Chiras 2007, p. 233). These forms of energy have been considered to be the most environmental friendly because they dont produce high levels of greenhouse gases and other substances that are not environmentally friendly. The challenge that these forms of renewable energy have is sustainable use. Hydroelectric power uses the movement of falling water to run the turbines. Unlike other sources of energy, hydroelectricity does not depend on the fuels like natural gas or petrol to run the engines. This makes it more environmentally friendly. Besides, it is more sustainable with the sustainability of the environment so that water capacity of the dams is not interfered with. It uses the natural progression nature to generate electricity (Chiras 2007, p. 117). Hydroelectric power does not produce direct waste that pollutes the environment. It is thus considered to be environmentally sustainable (Ehrfeld 2009, p. 114). The carbon dioxide levels produced by hydroelectric power plants are considerably very low. This is however only produced during the construction stage of the plants and not in the operational phase of the plants making it environmentally friendly. As a renewable source of energy, hydroelectric power does not need the use of fuels to run the turbines. The use of petrol in the production of hydroelectric energy is not existent. This implies that when the price of the fossil fuels rises, the hydroelectric plants are often not affected. This makes it a sustainable and reliable source of energy when compared to other sources of energy (Ehrfeld 2009, p. 116). It also means that the consumer price of this form of renewable energy is fairly constant. In terms of sustainability, hydroelectric power stations last longer than the energy plant stations that are powered by fossil fuels. They are generally easy to maintain and pose no much threat to human life and property. Hydroelectric energy plants contribute to conservation of the environment. In the countries where great investments have been done in the hydropower such as Bhutan, environmental stewardship and custodianship is encouraged. Ehrfeld (2009, p. 119) cited that since it depends on water, a lot of forest conservation and reforestation is encouraged. This helps in the reduction of the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. The human activities that contribute environmental degradation are also reduced through investment in the hydroelectric power plants. Climate change is caused by human activities that tamper with the environment. However, when a country invests in the hydroelectric plants, environmental conservations efforts are boosted. With the conservation of the water catchment areas and the forests, hydroelectricity becomes a very sustainable and reliable source of renewable energy. As it produces clean energy through environmentally friendly approaches, it also helps in the protection of Mother Nature (Ehrfeld 2009, p.121). International Agreements and Government Interventions in Climate Change Various intervention efforts have been made at the community and individual levels to combat climate change and to reduce the negative effects of human activities on the environment. However, much is still needed to be done especially at the inter-state and governmental level. One of the efforts that the governments from the industrialized countries are making in the mitigating climate change is through the Kyoto Protocol. The focus of the protocol is in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions especially from the industrialized countries by 2012. The developed countries have the responsibility to reduce their emission of greenhouse gases from their large industries. These gases contribute to global warming and climate change. The Kyoto Protocol intervention targets reduction of carbon in the atmosphere (Karlsson, Lund, Mathiesen 2010, p. 488). This is through emission trading, clean development mechanism and the joint implementation. These strategies target reductions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The countries that are signatories are thus investing in renewable energy technology options in the industries. The UK government considers climate change as a priority. Its approaches include targeting households to help in energy saving and strengthen renewable energy adoption. Civil society, community and private organizations are also strengthened through grants to help in generation of renewable heat from the renewable sources (Ehrfeld 2009, p. 115). The industrialized countries are re-focusing investments towards generation of renewable energies that are environmentally friendly and are sustainable. There is thus need to encourage less use of fossil fuels and more investment in the bio-fuels. Improvement of energy efficiency is a good government strategy for dealing with the climate change problems. Reduced use of energy implies reduced production of carbon dioxide. Karlsson et al (2010 p. 501) cited that this calls for more efficient vehicles, motors, appliances and industrial processes. Besides, development of renewable energy sources such as solar, geothermal, hydroelectricity, and biomass should be encouraged to reduce the consequences of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The transport sector should reduce gasoline consumption. The trucks, cars and buses use almost half of the oil in the United States. There is therefore urgent need for investment in electric and fuel-celled vehicles so as to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Transport policies should also encourage less driving of single-passenger vehicles in order to reduce greenhouse emissions (Ehrfeld 2009, p. 115). Human activities that involve land use are largely to blame for destruction of the environment. Governments should focus on developing agricultural policies that discourage environmentally hazardous practices and activities such deforestation and other human activities that are dangerous to the environment. Climate change has negatively impacted on food security. In order to therefore fight poverty, climate change must be addressed through agricultural activities and policies that are environmentally friendly (Kammen Casillas 2010, p. 1181-1182). Conclusion Climate change is greatly caused by human activities more than the natural processes. Industrialization and agricultural activities are largely responsible for the production of greenhouse gases that promote global warming and other consequences. These threaten wildlife and human existence and as such should be addressed. Renewable energy is the potential rescue of the environment from the negative effects of human activities. Governments and countries thus need to use less of fossil fuels and invest more in renewable energy technology options. These include hydropower, geothermal, wind energy and other reliable sources of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources.

Night :: essays research papers

Night The Halocaust, a horrible time for the world. Just as any war is. War is the single most destructive thing our world has. It can take the lives of millions of people in just a few seconds.War however may seem bad from the perspective of many people, but it is even worse from the perspective of a single person. A boy for instance, trapped between two opposing forces. Elie for example has lived through this. A boy of only 15, how much he has suffered through. During the course of the book Night it is obvious that Elie lost faith in his god. "For the first time, I felt revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless his name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Poerful and terrible, was silent. what had I to thank him for?" (31). This is Elie's first sign of losing faith. In his mind he wondered how a god, so great and wonderful hasn't helped out his people, But rather let them see how cruel people can be. Elie said this after he had witnessed babies sent to their doom in a pit of fire. How could he not ask his god why he hasn't done anything. A boy of 15 years old should not witness this, nor should anyone witness these acts of hatred. "Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever." (32) From that moment on, Elie had no reason to believe in God. The flames which Madame Schachter had spoke about on the train. If only they realized it sooner. God, the most important role in human civilization was going to let the slaughter of innocent people go on in his world. Many people lost faith during this time. The sight of someone being beaten infront of you, but knowing that if you help, it'll be even worse for you. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my god and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things even if I am condemmed to live as long as God Himself, forever. Never. (32) Something so powerful it could murder a once very religous boy's faith forever. He would never be able to turn back like he once did, to ask God "Why?". God lives